The architecture of a system describes its major components,
their relationships (structures), and how they interact with each other.
Software architecture and design includes several contributory factors such as
Business strategy, quality attributes, human dynamics, design, and IT
environment.
We can segregate Software Architecture and Design into two distinct phases: Software Architecture and Software Design. In Architecture, nonfunctional decisions are cast and separated by the functional requirements. In Design, functional requirements are accomplished.
Software Architecture
Architecture serves as a blueprint
for a system. It provides an abstraction to manage the system complexity
and establish a communication and coordination mechanism among components.
It defines a structured solution to meet all the
technical and operational requirements, while optimizing the common quality
attributes like performance and security.
Further, it involves a set of
significant decisions about the organization related to software development
and each of these decisions can have a considerable impact on quality,
maintainability, performance, and the overall success of the final product.
These decisions comprise of −
· Selection of structural elements and
their interfaces by which the system is composed.
·
Behavior as specified in collaborations among those
elements.
Software design provides a design
plan that describes the elements of a system, how they fit, and work
together to fulfill the requirement of the system. The objectives of having a
design plan are as follows −
To negotiate system requirements, and
to set expectations with customers, marketing, and management personnel.
Act as a blueprint during the
development process.
Guide the implementation tasks,
including detailed design, coding, integration, and testing.
It comes before the detailed design, coding, integration, and
testing and after the domain analysis, requirements analysis, and risk
analysis.
Goals of Architecture
The primary goal of the architecture is to identify requirements that affect the structure of the application. A well-laid architecture reduces the business risks associated with building a technical solution and builds a bridge between business and technical requirements.
Some of the other goals are as follows −
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